Frequency multiplexed photothermal correlation tomography for non-destructive evaluation of manufactured materials

  • Abstract Infrared thermography has been widely applied in real industrial inspection of aerospace, energy management systems, engines, and electric systems. However, two-dimensional imaging modality limits its development. Here, a technique named frequency multiplexed photothermal correlation tomography (FM-PCT) was developed to enable non-destructive and contactless cross-sectional imaging for manufactured material evaluation and characterization. By combining advantages of photothermal tomography and pulsed thermography, FM-PCT facilitates the generation of three-dimensional thermal images through temporal superposition (stacking) of two-dimensional images from sequential subsurface depths. FM-PCT image processing involves pulsed excitation signals to which frequency delay and matched filtering techniques are applied. Major features of FM-PCT are high-resolution three-dimensional tomographic imaging under low camera frame-rate conditions with self-correcting capability for diffusion (blurring) correction of subsurface images due to cross-correlation processing of individual frequencies in the Fourier decomposition spectrum of the excitation pulse. Furthermore, FM-PCT extends truncated-correlation photothermal coherence tomography from chirp and pulsed signals to more general linear heating sources. Lock-in thermography and x-ray computed tomography validation demonstrate that 3D FM-PCT imaging accurately reveals subsurface discontinuities/defects in solids despite the diffusive nature of thermal-wave imaging.
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Pengfei Zhu, Rongbang Wang, Koneswaran Sivagurunathan, Stefano Sfarra, Fabrizio Sarasini, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Xavier Maldague, Hai Zhang, Andreas Mandelis. Frequency multiplexed photothermal correlation tomography for non-destructive evaluation of manufactured materials[J]. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2025, 7(3): 035601. DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ada837
Pengfei Zhu, Rongbang Wang, Koneswaran Sivagurunathan, Stefano Sfarra, Fabrizio Sarasini, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Xavier Maldague, Hai Zhang, Andreas Mandelis. Frequency multiplexed photothermal correlation tomography for non-destructive evaluation of manufactured materials[J]. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2025, 7(3): 035601. DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ada837

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