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Volume 3 Issue 2
Jan.  2021
Article Contents

Wang M H, Zhao K H, Wu J Y, Li Y Q, Yang Y, Huang S, Zhao J R, Tweedle T, Carpenter D, Zheng G Q et al. 2021. Femtosecond laser fabrication of nanograting-based distributed fiber sensors for extreme environmental applications. Int. J. Extrem. Manuf. 3, 025401.
Citation: Wang M H, Zhao K H, Wu J Y, Li Y Q, Yang Y, Huang S, Zhao J R, Tweedle T, Carpenter D, Zheng G Q et al. 2021. Femtosecond laser fabrication of nanograting-based distributed fiber sensors for extreme environmental applications. Int. J. Extrem. Manuf. 3, 025401.

Femtosecond laser fabrication of nanograting-based distributed fiber sensors for extreme environmental applications


doi: 10.1088/2631-7990/abe171
More Information
  • Publish Date: 2021-01-26
  • The femtosecond laser has emerged as a powerful tool for micro- and nanoscale device fabrication. Through nonlinear ionization processes, nanometer-sized material modifications can be inscribed in transparent materials for device fabrication. This paper describes femtosecond precision inscription of nanograting in silica fiber cores to form both distributed and point fiber sensors for sensing applications in extreme environmental conditions. Through the use of scanning electron microscope imaging and laser processing optimization, high-temperature stable, Type Ⅱ femtosecond laser modifications were continuously inscribed, point by point, with only an insertion loss at 1 dB m-1 or 0.001 dB per point sensor device. High-temperature performance of fiber sensors was tested at 1000 ℃, which showed a temperature fluctuation of ±5.5 ℃ over 5 days. The low laser-induced insertion loss in optical fibers enabled the fabrication of a 1.4 m, radiation-resilient distributed fiber sensor. The in-pile testing of the distributed fiber sensor further showed that fiber sensors can execute stable and distributed temperature measurements in extreme radiation environments. Overall, this paper demonstrates that femtosecond-laser-fabricated fiber sensors are suitable measurement devices for applications in extreme environments.

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Femtosecond laser fabrication of nanograting-based distributed fiber sensors for extreme environmental applications

doi: 10.1088/2631-7990/abe171
  • 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
  • 2 School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrument Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116081, People's Republic of China
  • 3 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, United States of America
  • 4 Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 138 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America

Abstract: 

The femtosecond laser has emerged as a powerful tool for micro- and nanoscale device fabrication. Through nonlinear ionization processes, nanometer-sized material modifications can be inscribed in transparent materials for device fabrication. This paper describes femtosecond precision inscription of nanograting in silica fiber cores to form both distributed and point fiber sensors for sensing applications in extreme environmental conditions. Through the use of scanning electron microscope imaging and laser processing optimization, high-temperature stable, Type Ⅱ femtosecond laser modifications were continuously inscribed, point by point, with only an insertion loss at 1 dB m-1 or 0.001 dB per point sensor device. High-temperature performance of fiber sensors was tested at 1000 ℃, which showed a temperature fluctuation of ±5.5 ℃ over 5 days. The low laser-induced insertion loss in optical fibers enabled the fabrication of a 1.4 m, radiation-resilient distributed fiber sensor. The in-pile testing of the distributed fiber sensor further showed that fiber sensors can execute stable and distributed temperature measurements in extreme radiation environments. Overall, this paper demonstrates that femtosecond-laser-fabricated fiber sensors are suitable measurement devices for applications in extreme environments.

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