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Volume 1 Issue 3
Dec.  2019
Article Contents

Eschner E, Staudt T, Schmidt M. 2019. 3D particle tracking velocimetry for the determination of temporally resolved particle trajectories within laser powder bed fusion of metals. Int. J. Extrem. Manuf. 1, 035002.
Citation: Eschner E, Staudt T, Schmidt M. 2019. 3D particle tracking velocimetry for the determination of temporally resolved particle trajectories within laser powder bed fusion of metals. Int. J. Extrem. Manuf. 1, 035002.

3D particle tracking velocimetry for the determination of temporally resolved particle trajectories within laser powder bed fusion of metals


doi: 10.1088/2631-7990/ab3de9
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  • Publish Date: 2019-12-07
  • Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is likely to be found in R&D, small batch production and prototyping as well as in industry enabling the processing of a wide range of materials with high freedom in part design. However, the production of defect free and highly dense parts still requires extensive parameter studies and process knowledge. The reason for this are the complex process dynamics involved - namely originating from evaporation effects inside the interaction zone. They are the main driver of spatter generation and powder movement within the vicinity of the interaction zone, which are therefore of critical interest for a better process understanding. In order to enable quantification of characteristic measures of the particle movement, we present an automated three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D PTV) measurement approach. It relies on a stereoscopic ultra high-speed camera setup and an optimized image processing approach. This approach enables the 3D measurement of particle trajectories within large datasets with an acceptable time frame. The approach is validated towards synthetic images with known ground truth of particle trajectories.
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3D particle tracking velocimetry for the determination of temporally resolved particle trajectories within laser powder bed fusion of metals

doi: 10.1088/2631-7990/ab3de9
  • 1 Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse- Str. 3/5, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
  • 2 Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany

Abstract: 

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is likely to be found in R&D, small batch production and prototyping as well as in industry enabling the processing of a wide range of materials with high freedom in part design. However, the production of defect free and highly dense parts still requires extensive parameter studies and process knowledge. The reason for this are the complex process dynamics involved - namely originating from evaporation effects inside the interaction zone. They are the main driver of spatter generation and powder movement within the vicinity of the interaction zone, which are therefore of critical interest for a better process understanding. In order to enable quantification of characteristic measures of the particle movement, we present an automated three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D PTV) measurement approach. It relies on a stereoscopic ultra high-speed camera setup and an optimized image processing approach. This approach enables the 3D measurement of particle trajectories within large datasets with an acceptable time frame. The approach is validated towards synthetic images with known ground truth of particle trajectories.

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